Polanco, Mexico City - Wikipedia. Polanco skyline from the roof. Distrito Federal DF - Ciudad de México. The Domit House on Castelar Street. Older house wedged between two apt buildings. Polanco is the main urban upscale district in Mexico City, part of the Miguel Hidalgo borough, located north of Chapultepec Park and consisting of five official neighborhoods ("colonias"). Polanco is often called the Beverly Hills of Mexico City.[1][2] Indeed it is home to the city's densest concentration of upscale shopping, hotels and restaurants, embassies, high- end car dealerships and home furnishings shops, many of the city's most important museums, and together with adjacent Nuevo Polanco, Mexican headquarters of many multinational companies. As a residential area, the neighborhood is culturally diverse, and many super- rich, politicians, celebrities, artists and businessmen call the area home. The street names of Polanco incorporate an eclectic mix of the world's philosophers, writers, scientists and even a Czech president: Avenida Presidente Masaryk, a street with some of the highest rents and most upscale boutiques in Latin America.[3]Latin America's largest department store is located in Polanco as well as six shopping malls. History[edit]The colony takes its name from a river that crossed what is now the Avenue Campos Elisios (Champs Elysees), named in memory of the Spanish Jesuit Juan Alfonso de Polanco, a secretary of Ignatius of Loyola, whose relatives, members of the Polanco family, were members of board of the Kings of Spain in the 1. Mexico as officers of the Crown. In a plane made by Francisco Antonio Guerrero y Torres and dated 1. Polanco" is located on the grounds of the Hacienda de San Juan de los Morales. This hacienda sits on land donated in the sixteenth century to Hernán Cortés by the King of Spain, under the jurisdiction of Tacuba. At the beginning of the colonial times, parts of this land (near the current center of the Hacienda) were occupied for planting mulberry trees for breeding silkworms (hence the name "los morales"). The hull of the Hacienda as currently known dates from the eighteenth century. Extension lands belonging to the estate began to be divided in the late 1. Polanco was developed in 1. Aleman family, the same developers of Ciudad Satélite and San José Insurgentes districts, on the land that was originally the Hacienda de los Morales, just north of Molino del Rey town and Bosque de Chapultepec[citation needed] . The first area to be built is now called Polanco Reforma and lies just north of Paseo de la Reforma, the entrance to the new neighborhood marked by a tile obelisk facing Reforma. In those days, there were only mansions surrounded by gardens and tree lined streets. By the 6. 0's the first department store arrived in the neighborhood, forever transforming the face of Polanco. In the 7. 0's the last piece of land to be developed was sold, the triangle of Ejército Nacional, Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca and Periférico, where no stand- alone housing was built, only apartment buildings. The 1. 98. 5 earthquake reshaped the city layout, and Polanco was no exception; restaurants, embassies, boutiques and corporate business slowly moved from Zona Rosa and found a great new home in Polanco. Big houses were torn down and replaced with new buildings. The old inhabitants typically moved to neighborhoods such as Bosques de las Lomas and Lomas de Tecamachalco. Today Polanco is facing a challenge. Land prices are some of the most expensive in the city, as zoning rules forbid skyscrapers in the area.[citation needed] There are few big mansions remaining which are protected by INBA, therefore large building projects can not be undertaken like the ones in Lomas de Chapultepec, or Santa Fe, two areas which have an edge on attracting new inhabitants. Ruben Dario avenue, facing Chapultepec Park, and Campos Eliseos are two of the most expensive streets in Mexico City, with apartments ranging up to $1. Geography[edit]Polanco consists of five officially recognized colonias, called "Polanco I Sección", "Polanco II Sección", "Polanco III Sección", "Polanco IV Sección", and "Polanco V Sección".[4]The borders of Polanco are: [4]Formerly Polanco contained nine colonias whose names were: Bosque de Chapultepec, Bosque de Chapultepec Polanco, Chapultepec Morales, Chapultepec Polanco, Los Morales - Sección Palmas, Los Morales - Sección Alameda, Polanco Reforma, Polanco Chapultepec, and Rincón del Bosque.[5]Polanquito, between Parque Lincoln and Avenida Masaryk, consists of a three by three block pedestrian- friendly area with wall- to- wall restaurants and cafés.[6]Nuevo Polanco is an area bordering Polanco to the north across Avenida Ejercito Nacional. It contains the Antara Polanco and Plaza Carso shopping malls, two new major museums, and many new residential towers. Architecture[edit]. Acuerdo por el que se establece la circunscripciÓn territorial de las unidades administrativas regionales del servicio de administracion tributaria. Polanco is the main urban upscale district in Mexico City, part of the Miguel Hidalgo borough, located north of Chapultepec Park and consisting of five official. Antara Polanco, Ciudad de Mexico. Polanco enjoyed a construction boom in the 1. The style of construction of most mansions of this date is "Colonial Californiano", inspired by the Mission Revival Style in the Southwestern United States, with pseudo- baroquequarry windows, front- side gardens and inside halls. Some of these mansions have been renovated and converted into businesses and restaurants, many others have simply been torn down and replaced with new buildings. Demographics[edit]The population of Polanco is 2. Zone I 5. 38. 5Zone II 4. Zone III 3. 60. 3Zone IV 3. Zone V 9. 75. 7In the 1. Mexico City's Jews moved from Condesa, Roma and the Downtown to Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Interlomas, Bosques de las Lomas, and Tecamachalco, where the majority are now based.[8]Attractions and amenities[edit]Shopping[edit]The highest- priced street and the one with the most upscale boutiques in Latin America,[9] it is compared by some to Beverly Hills' Rodeo Drive or New York City's Fifth Avenue.[9] The Avenue is named after the first President of Czechoslovakia. Tomáš Masaryk. Shops include Louis Vuitton, Cartier, Chanel, Corneliani, Salvatore Ferragamo, Tiffany & Co., DKNY, Ermenegildo Zegna, Brioni, Burberry, Bulgari, Chopard, Gucci, Hermès, Frette, Marc Jacobs, Max Mara, Hugo Boss, Rolex, Jaeger Le Coultre, Galerias Tehran, and Berger Joyeros.[1. Cartier store. Street sign. Etro Masaryk. Boutiques Masaryk. Department stores[edit]Polanco has a freestanding Liverpool department store, as well as the largest department store in Latin America, the flagship Palacio de Hierro store.[1. Shopping centers[edit]Shopping centers include: Bordering Polanco in Nuevo Polanco are: Restaurants[edit]Polanco is home to some of the finest restaurants in México, Latin America and the world.
With renowned restaurants like Pujol (Ranked 2. Quintonil (ranked 1. Biko (Ranked 4. 3 best in the world), Dulce Patria (Ranked 4. Latin America), Nobu, Morimoto, Tori Tori, Mr. Chow, Astrid y Gaston, Porfirios, Hacienda de Los Morales and Anatol. Part of the city's iconic park, Chapultepec, falls within Polanco's borders. Parque Lincoln is a neighborhood park as are the smaller Parque América and Plaza Uruguay. Museums[edit]Polanco is walking distance from some of the city's most important museums in Chapultepec Park, such as the National Museum of Anthropology, the Soumaya Museum, the Modern Art Museum and Chapultepec Castle. Bordering Polanco on the north, in Nuevo Polanco are the Museo Soumaya and Museo Jumex. Economy[edit]In addition to the above mentioned shopping and dining, Polanco and Nuevo Polanco together are one of the primary areas for Class A office space in the city and metro area. As of 2. 01. 7 Polanco was the second fastest- growing area of new construction of office space.[1. Samsung, Coca- Cola, Visa, GM, Nestlé, Telmex/Grupo Carso and many more multinationals have their headquarters in the middle of Polanco. Transportation[edit]Polanco is bordered on the west by the Anillo Periférico ring road and the Avenida Río San Joaquín freeway is just to the north, connecting the Periférico via Polanco to central Mexico City. Main east- west thoroughfares include (south to north: ) Paseo de la Reforma, Avenida Presidente Masaryk, Ave. Horacio, Ave. Homero, and Ave. Ejercito Nacional. Main north- south thoroughfares include (east to west): General Mariano Escobedo, Molière, Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca and Juan Vásquez Mella. Public transportation[edit]Polanco is served by the Polanco and Auditorio stations of the Mexico City metro (subway).
0 Comments
Microsoft Office | Serials License Keys. KGFVY- 7. 73. 3B- 8. WCK9- KTG6. 4- BC7. D8. DBXYD- TF4. 77- 4. YM4- W7. 4MH- 6. YDQ8. T3. PVR- XX4. 2X- T4. Autorun Virus Remover Crack Serial Keygen TorrentDW- WGBG6- 9. FT7. V9. MTG- 3. GX8. P- D3. Y4. R- 6. 8BQ8- 4. Q8. VDMicrosoft Office Enterprise 2. CD Key: BQDQB- KRRY9- 4. DBR- 4. P9. J4- DH7. D8. Microsoft Office Front. Page 2. 00. 3 CD Key: WFDWY- XQXJF- RHRYG- BG7. RQ- BBDHMMicrosoft Office Home and Student 2. CD Key: Q7. GXC- CTY3. J- VC8. 6F- 8. 4VBD- XGV6. MMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. Partition Bad Disk 3.4 Full Crack, DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE TERBARU 2014| DOWNLOAD SOFTWARE GRATIS FULL VERSION 2014, Partition Bad Disk 3.4 Full Crack. Стоматолог Киев Добро пожаловать всем, кто проявляет заботу о здоровье своих зубов и кому. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Home and Student 2. CD Key: VPWV7- 4. DVP- KJJKF- C3. HK4- GKRCJMicrosoft Office Enterprise 2. CD Key: VB4. 8G- H6. Autorun Virus Remover Crack Serial Keygen BitdefenderVK9- WJ9. 3D- 9. R6. RM- VP7. GTMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots. 1 patek philippe watches to buy 2017-2018; 2 watchmen synopsis 2017-2018. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Home and Student 2. CD Key: MKQKF- PJ9. P8- Q7. MGV- C3. WD7- WWJW6. Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Visio Professional 2. CD Key: KQGKJ- VB3. BG- WDJM3- HYX3. 3- CYXJ6. Microsoft Office Professional 2. CD Key: WQTTR- 4. DHR4- 4. BT8. M- CVTTG- G7. PFQMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: KCDMW- MYM4. W- J6. VCC- D2. Q3. G- HCV3. YMicrosoft Office Small Business Edition 2. CD Key: MB7. PQ- BYYWT- WWKG7- C6. YR6- 9. KKKTMicrosoft Office Enterprise 2. CD Key: RJM2. G- Y3. K3. 8- YXDG7- 2. VV7. C- 9. 66. HWMicrosoft Visual Studio Web Authoring Component CD Key: GRXPP- JRYBX- 7. JWJB- M2. H2. C- G4. TMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Enterprise 2. CD Key: KGFVY- 7. B- 8. WCK9- KTG6. BC7. D8. Microsoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. CD Key: F3. DJD- 6. FFQ4- XQTQF- PGK4. MDQ8. Microsoft Office Front. Page 2. 00. 3 CD Key: VGCWV- XG9. WP- FK7. WK- 4. YR7. J- 7. Q3. XJMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Professional Edition 2. CD Key: GWH2. 8- DGCMP- P6. RC4- 6. J4. MT- 3. HFDYMicrosoft Office Enterprise 2. KGFVY- 7. 73. 3B- 8. WCK9- KTG6. 4- BC7. D8. V9. MTG- 3. GX8. P- D3. Y4. R- 6. 8BQ8- 4. Q8. VDMicrosoft Office 2. KGFVY- 7. 73. 3B- 8. WCK9- KTG6. 4- BC7. Sterowniki - Notebooki - Hewlett- Packard. Sterownik WLAN Realtek RTL8. BE/RTL8. 18. 8EE 8. HP 2. 50 G3. Dedykowany dla systemów Windows 7, 8. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Download Drivers, download Notebook, download Hewlett-Packard, wide range of software, drivers and games to download for free. Sterownik High- Definition Audio Modem dla Notebooków HP Compaq. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik kamery internetowej dla notebooków HP Pavilion z serii DV2. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik kamery internetowej dla notebooków HP Pavilion, Compaq Presario. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Download the latest drivers for your HP Compaq Elite 8300 SFF to keep your Computer up-to-date. HP Compaq Notebook nc6220/nc6230 ADI Soundmax Audio Driver. HP Compaq Notebook nc6220/nc6230 ADI Soundmax Audio Driver dla Windows 2000/XP 32bit. Google is compensated by these merchants. Payment is one of several factors used to rank these results. Tax and shipping costs are estimates. Sterownik kart WLAN firmy Broadcom dla wybranych modeli notebooków HP. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Optical USB Mobile Mouse Driver dla Windows XP/Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook ADI Sound. MAX HD Audio Driver dla Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook Integrated Module with Bluetooth Wireless dla Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook Agere Soft Modem Drivers for High Definition Audio dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik do obsługi czytnika linii papilarnych w HP Pavilion dv. Dla Windows 7 3. 2- bit oraz 6. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Pavilion DV2. 10. Notebook Conexant HD Audio Driver dla Windows XP/Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik karty dzwiękowej dla HP Pavilion dv. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik Realtek Local Area Network (LAN), przeznaczony dla laptopów HP 2. G3. Dedykowany dla systemów Windows 7, 8. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Pavilion dv. 90. Notebook Conexant HD Audio Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Pavilion DV6. 20. Notebook Conexant HD Audio Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Presario V6. Notebook Ricoh 5- in- 1 Card Reader Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nx. ADI 1. 98. 1B Audio Driver dla Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nx. ADI Soundmax Audio Driver dla Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. LAN dla laptopów HP Pavilion dv. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Przyśpiesz pracę swojego komputera z zestawem najnowszych sterowników karty graficznej AMD. Popraw działanie HP Pavilion dv. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Sterownik do obsługi odbiornika TV ENE CIR dla HP Pavilion dv. Dla Windows 7 3. 2- bit oraz 6. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Pavilion dv. 50. Notebook Ge. Force Go 7. Graphics Driver dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Notebook Yuan EC3. DVB- T TV Tuner Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Presario V6. Notebook Conexant HD Audio Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Presario V6. Notebook Broadcom Wireless LAN Driver dla Windows Vista 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq nx. 63. EV- DO Broadband Wireless Module Software & Driver dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nx. Broadcom BCM4. 40x 1. Ethernet Driver dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nx. BIOS dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nx. Realtek RTL8. 13. C+ Fast Ethernet NIC Driver dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. HP Compaq Notebook nc. BIOS dla Windows XP 3. Ocena Redakcji. Ocena Użytkowników. Drivers - Notebook - Download. Sigmatel STAC 9. 75. AC9. 7 sound card driver for Dell Inspiron, Latitude, Precision Series. Editor's rating. User rating. MSI System Control Manager(SCM) for Windows 2. Windows XP/Vista/7 3. Editor's rating. User rating. Audio Driver for selected IBM Think. Pad series. Editor's rating. User rating. Sound card driver for IBM Think. Pad T4. 2, T4. 2p notebooks. Editor's rating. User rating. MSI MEGABOOK L7. 35 Notebook O2. Micro Card Reader Driver for Windows XP/Vista 3. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba UDF2. 5 File System Driver for HDDVD for Windows XP 3. Applicable Models: Qosmio G3. AV6. 50. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad Wireless LAN Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit and Windows Vista 3. The following Think. Pad .. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad Intel PRO/Wireless 2. Wireless Driver for Windows XP/Vista .. Editor's rating. User rating. Graphics card driver for Dell Inspiron B1. Notebook. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba ACPI Common Modules for Windows XP 3. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad T4. T4. 2p Intel PRO 1. LAN Ethernet Adapter Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. Dell Sigmatel STAC 9. XX C- Major HD Audio Driver. Editor's rating. User rating. HP Compaq Notebook nx. ADI Soundmax Audio Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba Intel PRO/Wireless Mini- PCI Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Applicable Models: Qosmio G2. AV5. 13. Satellite .. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba Real. Tek LAN Driver. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad/Think. Centre Think. Vantage Maintenance Manager for Windows XP/Vista 3. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad Z6. Z6. 0t Video Driver (Intel 9. GML/9. 15. GM) for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad A3. 0/A3. 0p Video driver (ATI Mobility Radeon) for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. Sound card driver for Think. Pad Series manufactured by IBM. Editor's rating. User rating. Ethernet drivers for HP Compaq Series. Editor's rating. User rating. Dell Broadcom 4. 40x 1. Integrated Controller Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. MSI GE7. ND Intel Canyon Peak Centrino Wireless- N 1. N1. 30 + BT4. 0 for Windows 7 3. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba Virtual Sound for Windows XP 3. Editor's rating. User rating. Toshiba Hardware Setup Utility for Windows 2. XP/Vista 3. 2bit. Applicable Models: Satellite M5. S4. 18. TD, M5. 5- S1. Editor's rating. User rating. Synaptics Touch. Pad Driver for selected Toshiba Satellite notebooks. Editor's rating. User rating. Sound card driver for Toshiba Qosmio Series. Editor's rating. User rating. Sony VGN- SZ4 Series Notebook Camera VGP- VCC5 Driver for Windows Vista 3. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad X6. X6. 0s Intel PRO/Wireless 3. Mini PCI Adapter Driver for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad T6. 0/T6. 0p BIOS Update Utility 7. ETD3. WW Bootable CD. Editor's rating. User rating. IBM Think. Pad T4. Video Driver (Intel 9. GML/9. 15. GM) for Windows 2. XP 3. 2bit. Editor's rating. How is Home Depot / Lowes bathroom remodeling? Home Remodeling. I have done four projects now with Home Depot Home Services: Kitchen, windows, doors and finally fence.
How much concrete repair should cost. Average costs and comments from CostHelper's team of professional journalists and community of users. Patching a concrete. I think it depends on how the customer uses the service and the contract that Home Depot has with the contractor. The kitchen I went to my local store for the design, they sent someone out to measure, the product was ordered by Home Depot, so I had a manifest and the contractors picked up the products at the store. The kitchen installation was pretty much flawless and the workmanship was outstanding. I had to schedule their work around the plumbers and electricians, but all in all the work done was professional. The cabinet installer noticed that a couple of cabinets were incorrect, and had them ship the correct ones. I was very happy with this very large project. The door installation was another flawless contract. I ordered the doors from Home Depot, the contractor picked them up, submitted the building permit, completed the installation in a single day. The work was exceptional! Impact windows was an outside consultant who managed the project. While there were a few bumps with the installation, I have to admire the project manager and contractor for resolving the few problems that occurred: - Tile was broken in the bathroom - the installer sawed off the bolt heads holding the support posts to the roof beams because, "they were in the way." This was concerning, because had I not been there to observe the problem, the installers would have proceeded with the installation and the only indication that a problem existed would have occurred during a hurricane. My very expensive hurricane windows be intact, but the roof would have flown off. The contractor was very proactive. He had several installation teams, but his personal team was the one that came in to resolve these types of potential problems. He did fix the problem by installing new roof bolts, had a tile man come in to repair the broken tiles, and months later replaced a defective window covered by warranty. Even though this was a different type of home services contract, I received a complete manifest for warranty and insurance purposes. The project manager was on hand when the building inspector came out to approve the installation. Fabulous! Sorry to say, Home Depot's fence installation was not up to any of these standards and in my area, the contractor used for this project performed a minimum amount of work for the most amount of profit, sad to say I am not even sure they installed the fence that I purchased. My advice: Research the product, get samples, and never leave contractors on your premises without being there to supervise. Write down a summary of the conversations that you have with these contractors and (we have the technology) send them a summary e- mail.- If there is a warranty, be sure they give this to you in writing prior to the sale.- Make sure you have the manufacturer's owners manuals- Review the entire building permit before it is submitted.- Make sure they give you a detailed materials manifest. Most important, tell Home Depot or Lowes when they do a GOOD job as well as when the performance is unacceptable. Books. com - The Leading e. Book Store Online. The New York Times: Find breaking news, multimedia, reviews & opinion on Washington, business, sports, movies, travel, books, jobs, education, real estate, cars. Thrust into an all-new adventure, a down-on-his luck Captain Jack Sparrow finds the winds of ill fortune blowing even more strongly when a crew of deadly ghost. Nonton New Jack City (1991) Film Streaming Subtitle Indonesia Download Movie Cinema 21 Bioskop - Lk21 Layarkaca21. An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the. Electromagnetic field. An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely throughout space and describes the electromagnetic interaction. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, weak interaction and strong interaction). The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric field is produced by stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges (currents); these two are often described as the sources of the field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447.Potřebujete poradit? Nevíte, jaké zvolit palubky či podlahovky? Zeptejte se odborníků na palubky a podlahovky. Download the free trial version below to get started. Double-click the downloaded file to install the software. From a classical perspective in the history of electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field can be regarded as a smooth, continuous field, propagated in a wavelike manner; whereas from the perspective of quantum field theory, the field is seen as quantized, being composed of individual particles. In the past, electrically charged objects were thought to produce two different, unrelated types of field associated with their charge property. An electric field is produced when the charge is stationary with respect to an observer measuring the properties of the charge, and a magnetic field as well as an electric field is produced when the charge moves, creating an electric current with respect to this observer. Over time, it was realized that the electric and magnetic fields are better thought of as two parts of a greater whole — the electromagnetic field. Until 1. 82. 0, when the Danish physicist H. C. ? rsted discovered the effect of electricity through a wire on a compass needle, electricity and magnetism had been viewed as unrelated phenomena. There are different mathematical ways of representing the electromagnetic field. The first one views the electric and magnetic fields as three- dimensional vector fields. These vector fields each have a value defined at every point of space and time and are thus often regarded as functions of the space and time coordinates. As such, they are often written as E(x, y, z, t) (electric field) and B(x, y, z, t) (magnetic field). If only the electric field (E) is non- zero, and is constant in time, the field is said to be an electrostatic field. Similarly, if only the magnetic field (B) is non- zero and is constant in time, the field is said to be a magnetostatic field. However, if either the electric or magnetic field has a time- dependence, then both fields must be considered together as a coupled electromagnetic field using Maxwell's equations. When an EM field (see electromagnetic tensor) is not varying in time, it may be seen as a purely electrical field or a purely magnetic field, or a mixture of both. However the general case of a static EM field with both electric and magnetic components present, is the case that appears to most observers. Observers who see only an electric or magnetic field component of a static EM field, have the other (electric or magnetic) component suppressed, due to the special case of the immobile state of the charges that produce the EM field in that case. In such cases the other component becomes manifest in other observer frames. A consequence of this, is that any case that seems to consist of a "pure" static electric or magnetic field, can be converted to an EM field, with both E and M components present, by simply moving the observer into a frame of reference which is moving with regard to the frame in which only the “pure” electric or magnetic field appears. That is, a pure static electric field will show the familiar magnetic field associated with a current, in any frame of reference where the charge moves. Likewise, any new motion of a charge in a region that seemed previously to contain only a magnetic field, will show that the space now contains an electric field as well, which will be found to produces an additional Lorentz force upon the moving charge. Environment: News & features. We've noticed you're adblocking. We rely on advertising to help fund our award- winning journalism. Top VIdeos. Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /srv/users/serverpilot/apps/jujaitaly/public/index.php on line 447. Questions and Answers from the Community. It doesn't. The page that you see when you ask a new question is the page that everyone will see. Shop the largest selection of PUMA® styles online including shoes, running gear, & more. Plus: Free Shipping with min. purchase & Free Returns on all US orders. We urge you to turn off your ad blocker for The Telegraph website so that you can continue to access our quality content in the future. Thank you for your support. Denial- of- service attack - Wikipedia. In computing, a denial- of- service attack (Do. S attack) is a cyber- attack where the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet. Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with superfluous requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.[1]In a distributed denial- of- service attack (DDo. S attack), the incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by blocking a single source. A Do. S or DDo. S attack is analogous to a group of people crowding the entry door or gate to a shop or business, and not letting legitimate parties enter into the shop or business, disrupting normal operations. Criminal perpetrators of Do. S attacks often target sites or services hosted on high- profile web servers such as banks or credit cardpayment gateways. Revenge, blackmail[2][3][4] and activism[5] can motivate these attacks. History[edit]Court testimony shows that the first demonstration of Do. S attack was made by Khan C. Smith in 1. 99. 7 during a DEF CON event disrupting Internet access to the Las Vegas Strip for over an hour and the release of sample code during the event led to the online attack of Sprint, Earth. Link, E- Trade, and other major corporations in the year to follow.[6]Denial- of- service attacks are characterized by an explicit attempt by attackers to prevent legitimate users of a service from using that service. There are two general forms of Do. S attacks: those that crash services and those that flood services. The most serious attacks are distributed.[7]Distributed Do. S[edit]A distributed denial- of- service (DDo. S) is a cyber- attack where the perpetrator uses more than one unique IP address, often thousands of them. The incoming traffic flooding the victim originates from many different sources. This effectively makes it impossible to stop the attack simply by using ingress filtering. It also makes it very difficult to distinguish legitimate user traffic from attack traffic when spread across so many points of origin. As an alternative or augmentation of a DDo. S, many attacks involve forging of IP sender addresses (IP address spoofing) also so that the location of the attacking machines cannot easily be identified and defeated. The scale of DDo. S attacks has continued to rise over recent years, by 2. Application layer attacks[edit]An application layer DDo. S attack (sometimes referred to as layer 7 DDo. S attack) is a form of DDo. S attack where attackers target the application layer of the OSI model.[1. The attack over- exercises specific functions or features of a website with the intention to disable those functions or features. This application- layer attack is different from an entire network attack, and is often used against financial institutions to distract IT and security personnel from security breaches.[1. As of 2. 01. 3, application layer DDo. S attacks represent 2. DDo. S attacks.[1. According to research by the company Akamai, there have been "5. Q4 2. 01. 3 to Q4 2. Q3 2. 01. 4 over Q4 2. Application layer[edit]The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (ISO/IEC 7. The model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection project at the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The model groups similar communication functions into one of seven logical layers. A layer serves the layer above it and is served by the layer below it. For example, a layer that provides error- free communications across a network provides the path needed by applications above it, while it calls the next lower layer to send and receive packets that make up the contents of that path. Two instances at one layer are connected by a horizontal connection on that layer. In the OSI model, the definition of its application layer is narrower in scope. The OSI model defines the application layer as being the user interface. The OSI application layer is responsible for displaying data and images to the user in a human- recognizable format and to interface with the presentation layer below it. Method of attack[edit]An application layer DDo. S attack is done mainly for specific targeted purposes, including disrupting transactions and access to databases. It requires less resources and often accompanies network layer attacks.[1. An attack is disguised to look like legitimate traffic, except it targets specific application packets.[1. The attack on the application layer can disrupt services such as the retrieval of information or search function[1. In order to be deemed a distributed denial of service attack, more than around 3–5 nodes on different networks should be used; using fewer than 3–5 nodes qualifies as a Denial- of- service attack and not a DDo. S.[1. 1][1. 6]Defending application layer DDo. S attacks[edit]Defending against an application layer DDo. S attack requires DDo. S mitigation. Success of mitigation requires correctly identifying incoming traffic to separate human traffic from human- like bots and hijacked browsers. Advanced persistent Do. S[edit]An advanced persistent Do. S (APDo. S) is more likely to be perpetrated by an advanced persistent threat (APT): actors who are well- resourced, exceptionally skilled and have access to substantial commercial grade computer resources and capacity. APDo. S attacks represent a clear and emerging threat needing specialised monitoring and incident response services and the defensive capabilities of specialised DDo. S mitigation service providers. This type of attack involves massive network layer DDo. S attacks through to focused application layer (HTTP) floods, followed by repeated (at varying intervals) SQLi and XSS attacks.[1. Typically, the perpetrators can simultaneously use from 2 to 5 attack vectors involving up to several tens of millions of requests per second, often accompanied by large SYN floods that can not only attack the victim but also any service provider implementing any sort of managed DDo. S mitigation capability. These attacks can persist for several weeks- the longest continuous period noted so far lasted 3. This APDo. S attack involved approximately 5. Attackers in this scenario may (or often will) tactically switch between several targets to create a diversion to evade defensive DDo. S countermeasures but all the while eventually concentrating the main thrust of the attack onto a single victim. In this scenario, threat actors with continuous access to several very powerful network resources are capable of sustaining a prolonged campaign generating enormous levels of un- amplified DDo. S traffic. APDo. S attacks are characterised by: advanced reconnaissance (pre- attack OSINT and extensive decoyed scanning crafted to evade detection over long periods)tactical execution (attack with a primary and secondary victims but focus is on primary)explicit motivation (a calculated end game/goal target)large computing capacity (access to substantial computer power and network bandwidth resources)simultaneous multi- threaded OSI layer attacks (sophisticated tools operating at layers 3 through 7)persistence over extended periods (using all the above into a concerted, well managed attack across a range of targets[1. Denial- of- service as a service[edit]Some vendors provide so- called "booter" or "stresser" services, which have simple web- based front ends, and accept payment over the web. Marketed and promoted as stress- testing tools, they can be used to perform unauthorized denial- of- service attacks, and allow technically unsophisticated attackers access to sophisticated attack tools without the need for the attacker to understand their use.[1. Symptoms[edit]The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US- CERT) has identified symptoms of a denial- of- service attack to include: [2. Do. S attack is considered an e- mail bomb). Additional symptoms may include: disconnection of a wireless or wired internet connectionlong- term denial of access to the web or any internet services. If the attack is conducted on a sufficiently large scale, entire geographical regions of Internet connectivity can be compromised without the attacker's knowledge or intent by incorrectly configured or flimsy network infrastructure equipment. For $4,5. 00, Would You Start Your Mighty Empire With These Five 1. AMC Pacers? Today, on a very special episode of Nice Price or Crack Pipe we give you the opportunity to binge purchase America’s fishbowl, the AMC Pacer. We’ll just have to decide if this collection is really worth picking up the Pace(r). Humpty Dumpty, that sentient egg of rhyme, wrecked his shit so badly that even an entire army army couldn’t get his act together. In contrast, all that yesterday’s 1. Ferrari 3. 48. TS needed was some front end work and a visit from Mr. Clean. Okay, so I might be glossing over some pertinent points, but honestly it’s your job to do the heavy lifting here and decide whether the asking price made it worth dancing with that Prancing Horse. In the end, the potential for future wallet- emptying shenanigans doomed the Italian’s $2. The All of the Other Reindeer trope as used in popular culture. A character is surrounded by people who constantly put them down, usually because of some. For Might and Magic VI: The Mandate of Heaven on the PC, FAQ/Walkthrough by jkonan204. Crack Pipe loss. Anthropologists tell us that our distant ancestors started out as opportunistic hunter- gathers, and I’d say that’s an innate trait still with us today since as a species many of us like collecting things. It’s what sets us apart from the animals… um, except for crows, they collect stuff too. Where we tend to differentiate however, is in what we collect. Some people like to collect Faberge Eggs while others, a little further down the sagacity spectrum, amass things like old newspapers and sodden Kleenexes. It’s part of the circle of life. Today we have an opportunity to fall somewhere in between with a collection of five AMC Pacers that a Tucson area collector has decided to pass- on, in bundle fashion. Now, as we all know, the Pacer was AMC’s attempt to differentiate through abject oddness. The car was initially intended as a tour de force of uniqueness featuring an exceptionally wide footprint for its overall length, a longer door on the passenger side for ease of egress, and a sloping hood flanked by pod- like headlamps made possible by the planned use of a GM- sourced Wankel engine. Hey pls tell me when are you uploading railworks 3 :train simulator 2012 iam waiting from long time.Everything but the Wankel survived, and AMC was able to shove their inline six in as motivating force when GM stiffed them by cancelling their rotary engine project. The Dick Teague designed Pacer would immediately become iconic for its looks so no one seemed to care about the mill. The bubble- like design would see its shape and window openings aped elsewhere; in cars like the Porsche 9. Kool- Aid party pitcher. It’s a car with history, and now five of them could be yours. The seller does such a good job describing each of those five that I’ll just step back for a moment and let let the magic happen here.(1) White AMC Pacer with flames: 1. AMC Pacer. This Pacer has tan interior. Some tearing on the driver side seat. The panals are in decent shape with no serious damage or cracks. Body is straight. No rust on this car.(2) Grey 1. Pacer. This Pacer has red interior. Some tears on the driver side seat, but overall it’s in pretty decent shape. Body is straight. No rust on this car.(3) Tan 1. Pacer. This pacer has tan/brown interior. This Pacer has a rebuilt engine in it. The interior is in pretty decent shape with no rips or tears on the seats. Body is straight. Slight surface rust on the car. Nothing major.(4) Two tone white/yellow 1. Pacer. Light brown interior. The interior in this car is in pretty good shape. The driver side fender has a small dent in it. Other than that, the rest of the body is straight. Very minor surface rust. There is also a 1. This car does not run and was used as a parts car. I know, right? Take a deep breath and you’ll be okay. The seller says that he has clear titles for all five, including the parts car, and that up until a few months ago the four cars in the pics were drivers. Obviously you can’t keep a good Pacer down and so it most likely wouldn’t take much to make each fully roadworthy again. Take that yesterday’s Ferrari. The reason for the mass sell- off is given as work and a move so you don’t have to worry about them being cursed or anything. The cars aren’t in Indiana (how perfect would that have been?) but instead are located in Tucson, Arizona. That means rust and mold probably aren’t of issue, but of course a non- functioning AC will be. The price to take ownership of this highly desirable and singularly unique collection is $4,5. That works out to just $9. You now need to vote on that price and this collection and decide which way it will go. Is $4,5. 00 a good deal for a good deal of AMC Pacers? Or, is this a collection that’s destined to only collect dust? You decide! Tucson, AZ Craigslist, or go here if the ad disappears. Help me out with NPOCP. Click here to send a me a fixed- price tip, and remember to include your Kinja handle. Follow These People on Twitter to Help You Understand the Trump/Russia Connection. It’s a lot, right? It’s a lot. It is a firehose of news. How are we supposed to live our lives, cook a meal, uncrimp our hunched- over necks? Even when I shut my computer, it still flashes its little light in the corner, ready to alert me to the horrors of the world like some kind of pulsing Hellmouth. But one doesn’t want to be uninformed! It’s a lot, right? It’s a lot. It is a firehose of news. How are we supposed to live our lives, cook a meal, uncrimp our hunched-over necks? Even when I shut my. So here is my solution, sort of, when I can restrain myself from nervously tapping and clicking my phone for new news, kind of like one does with a rosary, if a rosary also had the power to deliver jolts of terrified adrenaline: I head on over to Twitter. But, instead of traveling aimlessly down that endless media highway, absorbing the random thoughts of random people of my totally un- curated Twitter feed and thinking dimly “that’s interesting about how children should be bored in the summer” or “wow, that headline has the suffix ‘according to science,’ so it must be true,” or “I don’t think that’s what treason means,” I’ve made a Twitter list that limits me to legal- and political- media types who seem to actually understand the Trump/Russia/national security issues that are dominating the news. In addition to the accounts that everyone follows—The New York Times, The Washington Post, Maggie Haberman, Preet Bharara, etc.—I glance at this short list a few times a day to keep me up to date. Take a look! NB: This won’t necessarily reduce the amount of time you spend online—these people are prolific tweeters, writers, lawyers, and podcasters, and even just this smallish group could send you down some winding Twitter rabbit holes. Have other suggestions? Leave them in the comments and I’ll adjust my list on Twitter. Benjamin Wittes is the co- founder and editor- in- chief of Lawfare, which is devoted to the discussion of “hard national security choices” (itself worth following: @lawfareblog). He was an editorial writer for the Washington Post for nine years and is now a senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution. His feed serves as both information/entertainment on its own and as an excellent shunt toward other legal tweeters. Chafetz is law professor at Cornell and author of the forthcoming Congress’s Constitution: Legislative Authority and the Separation of Powers. According to Steve Vladeck, the editor- in- chief of Just Security (see below), he’s particularly good on the powers and role of Congress. Abramson is an attorney and professor of English at UNH and is apparently devoting his every waking moment to explaining stuff on Twitter. He has 1. 18. K followers, so I guess a lot of other people need these explanations, too. I like his lengthy threads explaining complicated matters in short sentences, because hey—if I had any kind of attention span I wouldn’t be on Twitter in the first place. Here’s the start of an epic thread tweet, this one on criminal versus non- criminal investigations: A site dedicated to law, rights, and national security. Its co- editor- in- chief, @steve_vladeck, a law professor at UT, is also worth following, as are others associated with Just Security, like Ryan Goodman at @rgoodlaw. Vladeck calls Goodman good for “random criminal statutes”). I like Just Security for commentary on international events, especially when my attention is so glued to Washington. Goldsmith is a Harvard Law prof, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, and a co- founder of Lawfare. His laconic commentary isn’t especially hilarious, but then, what is hilarious about national security these days? But his annotations on current- events media alert me to what stories aren’t getting enough attention, as well as longer- form commentary for perspective. Finally, a brief shout- out to Matt Tait (@pwnallthethings). Tait writes primarily about cybersecurity, but Benjamin Wittes notes that he also follows Tait for stuff in the legal/political/security area too. And with that, I leave you with this tweet.
A collection of number play ideas and activities to do with kids and toddlers to promote learning and development. Frogs Theme and Activities. Here are some basic theme ideas for helping preschool aged children learn about frogs. Frog Songs and Fingerplays. I'm A Little Frog. I'm a little frog. Just a pollywog. I live in the brook. Coast Music Therapy ©2012 Songs for Pre-Verbal & Emerging Verbal Learners Page | 5 BROWN BEAR, BROWN BEAR.Underneath the bog. And because it's Spring. Spring, Spring, Spring. I'm so happy that I want to. Sing, sing, sing. Green and Speckled Frogs. Sat on a speckled log. Eating some most delicious bugs - yum, yum. One jumped into the pool. Where it was nice and cool. Now there are 4 green, speckled frogs - glub, glub. Sat on a speckled log. Eating some most delicious bugs - yum, yum. He jumped into the pool. Where it was nice and cool. Now there are no green, speckled frogs - glub, glub! Ga- Goo Went the Little Green Frog One Day. Ga- goo went the little green frog one day (stand and bend down frog- style on Ga- goo)Ga- goo, ga- goo. Ga- goo went the little green frog one day. And his eyes went rolly polly (circle hands away from eyes downwards)Well you know frogs don't. La- te- da- de- da, La- te- da- de- da, La- te- da- de- da, (clap hands out and jump one way then the other)Well you know frogs don't. La- te- da- de- da, they never go Ga- goo. A Little Green Frog. There once was a little green frog, frog, frog,Who sat in the woods on a log, log, log. A screech owl sitting in a tree, tree, tree,Came after the frog with a scree, scree, scree. When the frog heard the owl in a flash, flash, flash,He jumped in the pond with a splash, splash, splash! Frog and IThe frog and I, the frog and I can sing and hop (hop)We both can dive, we both can swim (make swimming motion)Although I can't compete with him (shrug)We both have skin thats on to stay (pull up skin)But mine is not green I'm glad to say Frog Art Activities. Pom Pom Frogs. Cut frog feet shape from green fun foam. Glue a large green pom pom onto the foam. Celebrate the Color Green Theme and Activities. March is the month for celebrating St.Patrick's Day and Spring. There are plentiful resources for curriculum planning. Glue 2 medium sized white pom poms onto the green pom pom for eyes. Glue one small black pom pom in the center of each of the white ones to complete the eyes. Stuffed Frog. Draw a top view pattern of a frog onto a piece of card paper. Use the template to cut 2 frog shapes from green felt. Use a glue gun or fabric glue to glue the top and bottom pieces together leaving an opening at the back of the frog. Stuff with batting. Glue the opening. Add 2 white pompoms for eyes and one small black pom pom in the center of each of the white ones. Paper Plate Frog. Paint the underside of a paper plate green. When dry, fold in half. Cut 4 frog legs from fun foam. Place 2 of the legs to the side of the folded plate and staple closed. Glue the other 2 legs to the underside at the back for the rear legs. Shape Frog. Cut one large circle, one large triangle, and 2 small triangles from green construction paper. Glue the circle to the large triangle to create the head and body of the frog. Glue the small triangles on either side of the bottom points of the larger triangle for feet. Add large googly eyes and draw a mouth with red marker. Tissue Paper Frog. Give each child a cut- out of a frog. Have them cut out eyes and other features from paper. Next, have them use different colors of green tissue paper squares to glue to the paper to form a neat frog design. For an added effect, dye a coffee filter to make a Lilly pad. Frog Math and Science. Lilypad Counting. Cut out our Numbered Lilypad Printable. Laminate and have children place matching number of frog counters on each lilypad. Frog Counters can be purchased on Amazon. Frog Observation. If you can, add a fish tank to your classroom with tadpoles and/or frogs. This is a great opportunity for children to observe frogs and watch how tadpoles become frogs. Frog Motor Skills and Movement. Leap Frog. Children form a line with a body space between them. They crouch down as small as they can. The person at the back of the line is the frog and leaps up the line gently tapping on the backs of the other children as they go 'leap frog'. When at the front, they crouch down and the new last person is the frog. Lily Pads. Make lily pads out of posterboard and tape them to the floor. Have children jump from one to another, acting like frogs. You can also use the lily pads to play a version of musical chairs, but musical lily pads instead. Frog Snacks. Frog Cupcakes. Make cupcakes according to the directions on your favourite cake mix box. Let cool. Tint white icing with green food colouring and ice cupcakes. Add a circle of white icing to the center of a green circle gummie candy. Push the gummy candies into the cupcakes for the eyes. Frog Floats. Put one scoop of lime sherbert into a cup. Add 7- Up or Sprite. Add miniature marshmallows or M& M's to the sherbert for the frog's eyes. Read About Frogs. The Wide- Mouthed Frog: A POP- UP BOOK by Jonathan Lambert. The Icky Sticky Frog by Dawn Bentley. A Frog Thing by Eric Drachman. The Frog Prince by Margaret Mayo. Other Frog Resources. Some ideas contributed by Ruth - A Child's Place. All About Frogs for Kids and Teachers. What are frogs? Frogs are a kind of small animal belonging to a group called vertebrates (animals with backbones) known as amphibians. This means that they live part of their life in water and the other part of it on land. The word amphibian comes from 2 Greek words, “amphi” which means “both” and “bios” which means “life”. Amphibians are cold- blooded animals. This means that their body temperature is the same as the surrounding temperature. Their skin absorbs water into their body so they do not have to drink water to survive. Examples of other amphibians are salamanders and caecilians. Frogs have strong hind legs to enable them to leap forward at a great distance. The front legs or arms are short. They are used to prop the frog up when it sits. The Cricket frog (4cm or 1. How big is the biggest and how small is the smallest? The largest frog is the giant or Goliath frog of West Central Africa. It can grow up to more than 1 ft long (3. The largest frog in America is the Bullfrog. It can grow up to more than 6 inches long. The smallest frog in the Southern Hemisphere is the Brazilian Gold Frog (Brazilian Psyllophryne Didactyla) at 9. In the Northern Hemisphere, the smallest frog is the Monte Iberia Eleuth, discovered on a mountain in Cuba in 1. They measure about 9. Recently (2. 01. 0), Scientists have discovered a frog the size of a pea on the South- east Asian island of Borneo. The adult males range in size from 1. Asia, Africa or Europe. This newly discovered amphibian has been named Microhyla Nepenthicola. It is a name of a plant in Borneo on which it lives. Frogs are special. They can breathe by means of the lungs and also through their skin. This is because of the way their heart is formed. It has 3 chambers instead of the normal 4. Where do frogs live? Frogs can be found almost anywhere except the Antartica. However, most species are found in tropical regions. More frogs are found in warmer countries. You can find frogs in water or near places that have water like ponds and streams. However, some frogs will never enter the water. They live mainly on land and go to the water only to mate. Then, there are some kinds that live in trees. These frogs have tiny sticky pads on their fingers and toes to help them cling to the tree trunk as they climb. Some frogs are burrowers. Burrower frogs live on land and have short hind legs and cannot hop. Frogs that live in cold winter places, hibernate during this time. They hibernate either in burrows or buried in mud bottom of ponds. Frogs also have webbed feet for swimming. Some have suction disks on the tip of their toes to help them climb. The back feet of the Spade- Foot toad has a special hard spur to make it easier for burrowing. Some have large webs to assist them in gliding in the air, almost like flying. Examples of Gliding Frogs. The spines on the males’ front feet help them to grip on the female during mating. How does a frog catch an insect? The frog’s diet consists mainly of insects, small animals like earthworms, minnows and spiders. Most frogs have a sticky tongue. To catch an insect, the frog flips out its tongue rapidly, get the insect and retracts its tongue. Frogs will swallow their prey in one piece because they only have teeth in the upper jaw. Doesn’t do much for chewing! Frogs hunt mostly at night. Find out more about what frogs really eat and how different species catch their prey. Make A Frog Mask to show the children how a frog catches its prey with its tongue. Print out the template. Use a party blower for the tongue. Do you know that some frogs do not have a tongue? Find out more here – tongueless frogs. How does the frog protect itself from the enemy? The frog has enemies that will eat them. They are bats, heron, fish, racoons, turtles, snakes and even human beings. Human beings eat them and also destroy their natural habitat and prevent them from breeding. Different species of frogs have different kinds of protection. Some have poison glands in their skin, like a chemical warfare tactic ! The skin will secret and cover the body with the poison and this will deter the enemy from eating them. Some use colors to protect themselves. Some will be a very brightly colored body (especially red and yellow) to warn enemies that it taste bad or are poisonous, so stay away! An example of this is the Poison Arrow Frog (Poison- dart). The American Native Indians used their poison for their arrows. The Malaysian Leap Frog will show bright colors to confuse its enemy. Others will use their color as camouflage to blend into the environment to hide from their enemies. The Red- Eyed Tree Frog does this pretty well. Frogs also have bulging eyes. This is to enable them to have a panoramic view (can view in all directions) and avoid the enemy. Some will try to fool the enemy by puffing themselves up with air to make it look too big to be swallowed. An example is the Tomato frog. Then there is this False- Eyed frog which hunches over to show its two false eye spots at the back. The spots also ooze out a foul smelling liquid. The eye spots are to scare the enemy away and if that does not work, it hopes to deter the enemy from eating it by the foul smell. The Leopard Frog will play dead by keeping very still and holding its breath to avoid being eaten. Some will give out a loud scream to startle the enemy to drop them. Some will urinate as it jumps away to give it a bad taste and also to cover their scent. Singing Frogs? The male frogs are the ones that sing. Different species sing different songs. Males are the ones that have the loud voice. Some females have voices too but they are softer. The males sing (grunts, croaks) to attract the females for mating. Some frogs even have a vocal sac which fills with air and swells up to make the voice even louder, like an amplifier (refer to picture). Some males use their voice as a territorial call to warn other males of the same species that this is their territory. Mating. Before frogs mate, their bodies go through some changes. These changes are caused by chemicals called hormones. They produce sex cells and changes in the appearance of the frogs like having brighter colors. The chemical changes are brought on by changes in the environment – warmer weather, more hours of sunlight or more rainfall. Once the male frog attracts a female to mate. As the eggs are released into the water, the male will release sperm over them to fertilize them and then they will leave. Some species do it in a different way though. The Darwin male frog will keep the eggs in their vocal pouch. The male Midwife toad will wind the eggs around their hind legs and carry them about until they hatch (see picture). Certain tropical frogs will lay their eggs among leaves or holes in trees where there is rain water. Some will attach their eggs under leaves which are hanging over the water. When the tadpoles hatch, they fall into the water. An example of this is the Red- Eyed Tree frog. There are some which will lay their eggs on land, under logs and dead leaves. There are even a stranger ones like the Gastric Brooding Frog which give birth to their young via their mouths! The male Surinam toad collects the eggs laid by the female and puts them on her back. Her skin swells up into a pocket- like thing and covers the eggs. Frogs that live in tropical and semi- tropical regions, breed during the rainy season. This is because tadpoles need water to survive. Others, breed in spring or early summer. Life Cycle of frogs. The life cyle of a frog is very interesting. It changes from one form to another form in a process called, metamorphosis. Click here to find out more about the Life Cycle of a frog or download the picture for use in class. Why are frogs important? Frogs are important to human beings. They are a source of food in some countries. They eat insects, some of which are serious pests. We use them for medical research to test new drugs and students dissect them to learn about anatomy. They are also part of the eco- system which means that whatever happens to them will affect other animals and even us in different ways. We are all connected in the web of life. Why are frogs disappearing? MORE FROG FACTSAre All Frogs Poisonous? The difference between a frog and a toad. How To Care For A Pet Frog. Strange Frogs. Take a look at some of these STRANGE but amazing frogs. LET KIDS WATCH THIS INTERESTING VIDEO ON FROGSAnother interesting video to watch : Aqua Frogs. Scientists discover three new vertebrate species in Cape York peninsula, Australia. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
October 2017
Categories |